Biology College
Answers
Answer 1
Our biological parents leave us with particular gene inheritance patterns. The term "X-linked recessive inheritance" refers to one of the fundamental genetic inheritance patterns.
What does the term X-linked recessive mean?
Genetic problems connected to mutations in X chromosome genes are referred to as X-linked recessive inheritance. Due to the fact that he possesses just one X chromosome, a male with this mutation will be impacted. The majority of the time, a female with a gene mutation on one X chromosome and a gene from one parent on the opposite X - linked is unaffected.
What does dominant vs. recessive X-linked mean?
In each generation, males are typically affected in households with an X-linked genetic disease, but seldom are females. However, in X-linked dominant disorders, a mutation in one allele of an X-linked gene causes disease in both sexes.
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Related Questions
Arrange the following steps in order to describe the chronological order of the events in phagocytosis.
Answers
The steps of phagocytosis occur in the following chronological order: chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, maturation, killing, and elimination.
Phagocytes are attracted to and moved toward a variety of chemicals created during the immune response during chemotaxis, the first stage of phagocytosis.
At resting phagocytes, inflammatory mediators activate them (bacterial products, cytokines, prostaglandins, and complement proteins). After activation, they develop greater metabolic and microbic activity. Additionally, more glycoprotein receptors are expressed by activated cells, which improves their capacity to firmly bind to pathogens and go to the infection site. Neutrophils show up first, and macrophages follow shortly after. The subsequent stage of phagocytosis is the antigen's attachment to the cell membrane of the phagocytic cells. An endocytic vesicle called a phagosome, which moves along the endocytic processing pathway, contains the material when the pseudopodia unite. Pseudopodia, membrane protrusions that expand out and ingest the attached material, are brought about by adhesion.
When a phagosome follows this pathway, it finally combines with a lysosome to form a phagolysosome when it enters the cell. Lysosomes include lysozyme in addition to a variety of cytotoxic and antibacterial substances that can destroy phagocytosed cells and pathogens. Microorganisms are eliminated using processes that either require oxygen or do not. Exocytosis is the procedure used to evacuate the phagolysosome's digested contents.
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Predict whether each activity would primarily utilize fast-twitch or slow-twitch muscle fibers. 1. Long-distance jogging (Click to select) 2. Weightlifting (Click to select) 3. Sprinting (Click to select) 4. Biking twenty miles on flat ground (Click to select) ✓ (Click to select) Fast-twitch Slow-twitch
Answers
Slow twitch is used during long-distance jogging. Fast twitch muscles are used in weightlifting. When sprinting, use fast twitches. When biking 20 miles on level ground, use slow twitch.
Two different types of muscle fibres make up the majority of your body's muscles, and aid in movement: Slow-twitch muscle fibres, which move more slowly yet aid in extending your range of motion. You can move more quickly but only for brief periods of time thanks to fast-twitch muscle fibres. While fast-twitch muscle fibres are used for short, strong actions like sprinting or weightlifting, slow-twitch muscle fibres are used for long-distance endurance sports like marathon running.
Thus, we might conclude that long-distance jogging uses the Slow twitch muscle. Weightlifting makes use of fast twitch muscles. During a race, utilise quick twitches. Use slow twitch when cycling 20 km on level ground.
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Reducing greenhouse gas emissions involves making changes to one's current activities. Arrange the changes to activities by their impact in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Greatest reduction in emissions Switch from driving 20,000 miles per year in a gas-powered pickup truck that gets 13 mpg to driving the same distance in a car that gets 26 mpg. Commute 30 miles a day, five days a week using public transportation instead of driving alone in a car that gets 26 mpe Replace four incundescent 100 watt lightbulbs with equally bright energy-efficient bulbs in a house supplied with electricity generated with fossil fuel. Replace an old refrigerator and washing machine with energy-efficient models, assuming electricity is generated with fossil fuels. Smallest reduction in emissions
Answers
The changes to activities by their impact in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. is Greatest Reduction in emissions.
Commute 30 miles a day, five days a week wing public Transportation instead of driving alone in a car that gets 26mpg.
↓
Replace four incandescent 100-watt lightbulbs with equally bright energy-efficient bulbs in a house supplied with electricity generated with fossil fuel.
↓
Replace an old Refrigerator & washing machine with energy-efficient models, assuming electricity is generated with fossil fuels.
↓
Switch from driving 20,000 miles per year. gas in a powered pickup Truck that gets 13 mpg to driving the same distance in a car that gets 26 mpg.
The smallest Reduction in emissions.
Human activities are responsible for the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. Over the past century, the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil has increased the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This increase occurs because the process of burning coal or oil combines oxygen and carbon from the air to produce CO2.
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which substances is a reactant of aerobic cellular respiration
A. Glucose
B. Carbon Dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Water
Answers
Answer:
A. Glucose is a reactant of aerobic cellular respiration
Sam enjoys drinking. He consumes beer and whiskey frequently, both with friends and while alone. On average, Sam drinks at least three alcohol-containing beverages each day. 1. Based on this information, Sam is a drinker. O heavy O moderate O light casual
Answers
Sam is a moderate drinker.
An alcoholic beverage is a drink that incorporates ethanol, a sort of alcohol that acts as a drug and is produced through the fermentation of grains, culmination, or other sources of sugar. The consumption of alcoholic beverages frequently referred to as "ingesting", plays an essential social position in many cultures.
Over the years, excessive alcohol use can cause the improvement of persistent sicknesses and other serious issues such as excessive blood pressure, heart ailment, stroke, liver disorder, and digestive troubles. most cancers of the breast, mouth, throat, esophagus, voice container, liver, colon, and rectum.
It influences impulse control and the ability to make recollections, leading to “blackouts.” Alcohol can purpose numbness, weak point, and transient paralysis.
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which of the following events in transcription initiation likely occurs last? view available hint(s)for part e which of the following events in transcription initiation likely occurs last? tbp is recruited to the promoter. regulatory transcription factors bind to enhancers. basal transcription factors form a basal transcription complex. rna polymerase binds to the promoter of the gene.
Answers
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of the gene is the correct event in transcription initiation likely occurs last.
The first nucleotides in the RNA chain are created during the transcription beginning phase. The RNAP holoenzyme binds to the DNA template to begin the multi-step process, which is completed when the core polymerase exits from the promoter after approximately the first nine nucleotides have been synthesized.
The sorts of interactions between the RNAP and the nucleic acids that are involved can be used to explain the steps of the transcription initiation process. The creation of a complex between the holoenzyme and the DNA sequence at the promoter, which takes the form of a double-stranded DNA, is the initial step in transcription initiation. Closed binary complex or closed describes this complex.
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the morphological species concept: the morphological species concept: is still the most accurate species concept in use. groups species based on similar phenotype. almost always incorrectly classifies species due to homoplasies. groups species based on how they have changed through time. was popular among early biologists but is hardly ever used anymore.
Answers
The morphological species concept is groups species based on similar phenotype.
The morphological species idea highlights sets of physical characteristics that are exclusive to each species and is based on morphological data. Multiple species ideas may be combined to identify species boundaries since these lines of evidence are not mutually exclusive.
In some ways, the "morphological species notion" is more useful. It defines species as groups of people that share physical characteristics and differ from other groups of similar individuals. Members of the same species appear similar, but individuals from other species appear differently. The "phylogenetic species idea," which differs from the "morphological species concept" in that it defines species as "the smallest aggregation of (sexual) populations or (asexual) lineages diagnosable by a unique combination of character states," is connected to the morphological species concept.
Hence, The morphological species concept is groups species based on similar phenotype.
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from the following choices, choose all of the answers that increase the genetic variation among individuals in a sexually reproducing population of a plant that does not self-pollinate.
Answers
There are a number of ways to increase the genetic variation among individuals in a sexually reproducing population of a plant that does not self-pollinate. These include cross-pollination, hybridization, outcrossing, biotechnology, and the introduction of new species.
All of these methods can help to ensure the survival of a species by introducing new traits and alleles, which can be beneficial in a changing environment.
Genetic variation is essential to the survival of a species. It enables a population to adapt and survive in a changing environment. In a sexually reproducing population, genetic variation is determined by the exchange of genetic material between individuals. This exchange can occur through a number of mechanisms, such as cross-pollination and hybridization.
Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from one plant to another. This can increase genetic variation by introducing different genetic material from one plant to the other. This can often result in hybridization, which is the combination of genetic material from two different species. Hybridization can produce a variety of new traits, which can increase the genetic variation among individuals in a population.
Outcrossing is another way to increase genetic variation. Outcrossing is when a plant is pollinated by pollen from another plant of the same species. This can increase genetic diversity by introducing new alleles. Outcrossing also helps to reduce inbreeding, which can reduce genetic variation due to the same alleles being passed down from generation to generation.
The use of biotechnology, such as genetic engineering, can also be used to increase genetic variation. This can be done by introducing new genes from a different species into the existing population. This can be advantageous as it can introduce new traits, which can be beneficial for the species.
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cross-pollination
hybridization
outcrossing
biotechnology
Introduction of new species.
which of the following statements regarding natural selection is false? natural selection depends on the local environment at the current time. natural selection starts with the creation of new alleles that are directed toward improving an organism's fitness. natural selection and evolutionary change can occur in a short period of time (a few generations). natural selection can be observed working in organisms alive today.
Answers
Statement which is false regarding natural selection is a)natural selection depends on the local environment at the current time. So, correct option is a.
Natural selection is the differential endurance and generation of people because of contrasts in aggregate. It is a critical system of evolution, the adjustment of the heritable qualities normal for a populace over ages. Charles Darwin advocated the expression "natural selection", standing out it from counterfeit choice, which in his view is purposeful, though natural selection isn't.
Variety exists inside all populaces of organic entities. This happens mostly in light of the fact that irregular transformations emerge in the genome of a singular organic entity, and their posterity can acquire such changes. Over the lifetimes of the people, their genomes associate with their surroundings to cause varieties in characteristics. The climate of a genome remembers the sub-atomic science for the cell, different cells, others, populaces, species, as well as the abiotic climate.
Hence, option a is correct.
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(Complete question) is:
which of the following statements regarding natural selection is false?
a)natural selection depends on the local environment at the current time. b)natural selection starts with the creation of new alleles that are directed toward improving an organism's fitness.
c)natural selection and evolutionary change can occur in a short period of time (a few generations).
d)natural selection can be observed working in organisms alive today.
to stabilize the environment in the habitat and enable it to become self-sufficient again, it would be helpful to add____
Answers
To stabilize the environment in the habitat and enable it to become self-sufficient again, it would be helpful to add plant producers to absorb excess carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
Biomass production depends mainly on photosynthesis, as 90% of the plant biomass is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. So the rate of photosynthesis is important to determine productivity.The largest source of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities in the United States is from burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation.If decomposers are removed from the carbon cycle the cycle would slow down and eventually stop because carbon could not be returned to the Earth. During the carbon cycle, plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and fix it into organic molecules during photosynthesis.
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The level of ketone bodies in the blood increases when high levels of ________ are being metabolized.
Answers
The level of ketone bodies in the blood increases when high levels of fatty acids are being metabolized.
What is exogenous ketosis?
When you ingest extra dietary fat or supplements to increase the level of ketones in your blood, you enter exogenous ketosis. When you consume less energy, endogenous ketosis happens. Your blood sugar and insulin levels drop, and the fat in your body produces more ketone bodies.
According to your question:
When your body doesn't have enough glucose (blood sugar) to use as an energy source, your liver produces chemicals known as ketones. Your body discovers a mechanism to burn fat for energy when it is short on glucose or insulin. Ketones enter your system as a result of these fats being broken down.
Causes of elevated blood ketones include:
ill-managed type I diabetes (rarely type II diabetes)pregnancy diabetesextended fastinga lot of vomitingIntensive exerciseLow-carb diets (like keto diets)Anorexia and other eating disorders Starvation
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22) in comparing all three major muscle types, which one of the following statements best describes the differences between them?
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In comparing all three major muscle types, cardiac muscle can be stimulated only by nerves, whereas smooth and skeletal muscle contract spontaneously statement best describe the differences between them.
What are muscle types?
The three different forms of muscle tissue are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Cardiac muscle cells are found in the heart's walls, where they can be seen as being striped (or striated) and controlled by an involuntary process. Except for the heart, smooth muscle fibres are found in the walls of hollow visceral organs (such as the liver, pancreas, and intestines), are spindle-shaped, and are similarly controlled involuntarily. Muscles that are connected to the bone contain skeletal muscle fibres. They appear striated and are controlled voluntarily.
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In comparing all three major muscle types, cardiac muscle can be stimulated only by nerves, whereas smooth and skeletal muscle contract spontaneously statement best describe the differences between them.
What are muscle types?
The three different forms of muscle tissue are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Cardiac muscle cells are found in the heart's walls, where they can be seen as being striped (or striated) and controlled by an involuntary process. Except for the heart, smooth muscle fibres are found in the walls of hollow visceral organs (such as the liver, pancreas, and intestines), are spindle-shaped, and are similarly controlled involuntarily. Muscles that are connected to the bone contain skeletal muscle fibres. They appear striated and are controlled voluntarily.
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explain the complex process by which the basilar membrane responds to various frequencies and describe the primary theory thought to correctly represent this process.
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The basilar membrane is located in the cochlea. It forms the basis of the organ of Corti, which contains sensory receptors for hearing. Movement of the basilar membrane in response to sound waves causes depolarization of hair cells in the organ of Corti. The hair cells transduce auditory signals into electrical impulses. These impulses are transmitted to the brain where they are interpreted as sound.
The entire basilar membrane from the base to the apex of the cochlea responds to intense low-frequency sounds, but when threshold is approached, it is most effectively driven by sounds of progressively higher frequencies as one moves from the apex to the base of the cochlea.
Place Theory is a principle of listening to that affirms that, the regions of the basilar membrane are enormously specialized, with every region responding to a specific frequency. Our attention of sound relies upon where every specific frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane.
By this principle, the pitch of a sound, including a human voice or a musical tone, is detected through the locations where the membrane vibrates, primarily based totally on frequencies similar to the tonotopic arrangement of the auditory neurons.
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A particular species of potatoes can have red or yellow skin color. The skin color is
controlled by a single gene with two alleles, the red allele and the yellow allele. When
potatoes are homozygous for red skin color are crossed with potatoes that are homozygous
for yellow skin color, 100% of the offspring have red skin color. Based on this information,
how do the alleles for skin color interact?
* 2 point:
Answers
Answer: Red skin color is dominant, it is a simple trait controlled by one gene.
Explanation:
RR x yy = Ry, Ry, Ry, Ry
Answer:
Red skin color is dominant
Explanation:
Eukaryotic messenger RNA can undergo post synthetic processing after transcription and before translation: One of the processing steps is splicing, where portions of the RNA are removed and the remaining RNA are joined together: Classify the statements regarding mRNA splicing as true or false. True statements False statements Proteins in the spliceosome recognize the 5' and 3' splice site sequences The spliceosome consists of five small RNA molecules and many associated proteins: Splicing occurs while the mRNA is attached t0 the nucleosome Splicing occurs while the mRNA is still in the nucleus_ One mRNA can sometimes code for more than one protein by splicing at alternative sites.
Answers
The true statements are splicing occurring while the mRNA are attached to spliceosome. The small RNAs within spliceosome is recognizing the 5' and 3' splice sites.
Most of the splicing is taking place in between the exons on single RNA transcript, but occasionally trans-splicing is taking place where the exons on different pre-mRNAs are getting ligated together.
The splicing process is happening in the cellular machines known as the spliceosomes where the snRNPs are generally found along with the additional proteins.
The primary variety of the spliceosome is considered to be the plentiful structure within the cells. The components of spliceosome is recognizing the special sequence at intron ending is known as splice sites.
TRUE:
-splicing occurs while the mRNA is attached to the spliceosome.
- small RNAs in the spliceosome recognize the 5' and 3' splice sites sequences
- one mRNA can sometimes code for more than one protein by splicing at alternative sites.
FALSE:
- in splicing, exon sequences are removed from the mRNA in the form of lariat formation and are degraded.
- splicing occurs after the mRNA enters the cytoplasm, but before it binds to the ribosome.
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A review of research supports that there may be an ergogenic effect associated with the use of ______ supplementation. a) glutamine b) tryptophan c) glycine
Answers
A review of research supports that there may be an ergogenic effect associated with the use of creatine supplementation.
Scientists first learned that supplementing with creatine could improve physical performance in the 1970s. Creatine gained popularity as a sports supplement in the 1990s as sportsmen began to take notice. High school, college, and professional athletes, particularly football and hockey players, wrestlers, and gymnasts, are particularly fond of the supplement.
A slight improvement in contractile function is shown in sports involving frequent high-intensity exercise sessions due to the higher muscle creatine concentration. When paired with several weeks of training, creatine should have greater long-term ergogenic effects.
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The complete question is:
A review of research supports that there may be an ergogenic effect associated with the use of ______ supplementation.
A. glutamine
B. tryptophan
C. glycine
D. creatine
although male and female infants may show signs of sexual response, nothing resembling an orgasm is possible until puberty.
Answers
The statements mentioned is about sexuality early in life, but this statement was inappropriate.
Which are the main stages of sexuality in our life?The sexual response cycle has four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Both men and women experience these phases, although the timing usually is different.Children develop sexually, just as they develop physically, emotionally and socially. This process begins at birth and continues through childhood. Even young children have sexual feelings or response and engage in sexual behavior (such as touching their sex parts or saying dirty words).Four sexual response cycles , the human sexual response cycle is divided into four phases, are, excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
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The _______ experiences a temperature _____ primarily due to the absorption of ______.
Multiple Choice
troposphere; decrease; ultraviolet rays
ozone; increase; gamma rays and X-rays
stratosphere; decrease; ultraviolet rays
thermosphere; increase; gamma rays and X-rays
Answers
Gamma and X-ray absorption is the main reason for the thermosphere's temperature increase.
How should temperature be defined?
Temperature is a unit used to represent hotness or coolness on any of a number of scales, namely Fahrenheit and Celsius. According to temperature, heat energy will naturally move from a hotter (body with a warmer temperature) to a colder (body with a lower temperature) (one at a lower temperature).
How the temperature is defined ?
The kinetic and potential of a system is measured by its temperature. The kinetic energy of a system starts to rise as the particle's velocity rises, which raises the system's temperature. The energy that is transferred when two bodies with different surface temperatures come in touch is referred to as heat.
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competition occurs: select all that apply. among members of the same species. only between individuals who share the same realized niche. none of the other answer options is correct. between members of different species. only between individuals in populations that are close to their carr
Answers
Competition occurs among members of the same species and between members of different species.
More broadly, competition can be described as the direct or indirect contact of organisms that results in a change in fitness when the organisms share a resource. Competition is most commonly thought of as the interaction of individuals that compete for a common resource that is in limited supply. The weaker competitors frequently suffer as a result of the outcome. The three main types of competition are as follows. Real competition is defined as two of them: interference competition and exploitation competition. Evident competition, a third form, is not. While exploitation competition and seeming competition take place between people in an indirect manner, interference competition happens between people directly.
Interactions are seen as interference competition when one person directly changes another person's resource-attaining behavior. For instance, a dominant male directly affects the mating behavior of other males when he prevents other males from approaching a partner by physical aggressiveness or aggressive displays.
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04.4. Which statement below is TRUE about neurotransmitters? The entry of neurotransmitter through Kt channels into neurons triggers the rising phase of the action potential Neurotransmitters are released from muscle cells to activate motor neurons in the presence of botulinum toxin Neurotransmitters are released from neuron when Ihe action potential reaches the end of its axon All of the above Submit
Answers
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that are released from the neuron as the action potential reaches the end of the axon. The correct statement is the third statement.
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers and they relay signals between the neurons. As the action potential reaches the end of the axon, the vesicles consisting of neurotransmitters fuse with the presynaptic membrane and neurotransmitters are released in the synapse.
These neurotransmitters then bind with the receptors at the postsynaptic neuron. The effect of the neurotransmitter depends on the kind of the receptor and the kind of the neurotransmitter involved. The resulting effect can be either the inhibition or excitation of the postsynaptic neuron.
The entry of neurotransmitters through K+ channels into neurons does not lead to the rising phase of the action potential. The rising phase of the action potential is triggered by the opening of voltage gated ion channels that cause an influx of sodium ions.
Neurotransmitters are not released from muscle cells to activate motor neurons in the presence of botulinum toxin; rather, it leads to the inhibition of neurotransmitter release from muscle cells causing muscle paralysis.
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released in response to the action potential which is generated by the movement of sodium and potassium ions across the axon membrane. They are released into the synapse when the action potential reaches the end of the axon. This release is inhibited in presence of botulinum.
In conclusion, neurotransmitters are released from neurons when the action potential reaches the end of its axon.
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produced critical x-ray crystallography data for the modern model of dna. group of answer choices linus pauling meselson and stahl franklin and wilkins erwin chargaff watson and crick
Answers
Rosalind Franklin produced critical x-ray crystallography data for the modern model of DNA.
The DNA double helix was first conceptualized by British physicist Francis Crick and American biologist James Watson in the early 1950s. In this scientific "marathon," they were the first to reach the finish line, while others like Linus Pauling (who discovered protein secondary structure) were also looking for the right model.
Watson and Crick gathered and analyzed previously obtained data, combining it in novel and illuminating ways, rather than doing brand-new tests in the lab. Rosalind Franklin, a scientist working in physicist Maurice Wilkins' lab, provided them with some of the most important hints about the structure of DNA. Franklin was a master of X-ray crystallography, a potent method for figuring out the structure of molecules. When a molecule, like DNA, is subjected to X-rays in its crystallized form, part of the rays are refracted by the crystal's atoms, creating a diffraction pattern that reveals information about the structure of the molecule.
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The light micrograph shows dividing cells near the tip of an onion root. Identify a cell in each of the following stages:
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
a. anaphase
b. prophase
c. prometaphase
d. metaphase
e. telophase
Answers
A light micrograph of an onion root's tip reveals dividing cells. In each of the next stages, name a cell. Drag the appropriate labels to the diagram's shown targets.
a. Anaphase: The fourth stage of mitosis, or anaphase, occurs when a parent cell's replicated genetic material is split into two identical daughter cells.
b. Prophase: The first stage of mitosis, or the division of a parent cell's genetic material into two identical daughter cells, is known as prophase. The chromatin, a combination of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus, condenses during prophase.
c. Prometaphase: The second stage of mitosis, or the division of a parent cell's genetic material into two identical daughter cells, is known as prometaphase. The nuclear envelope, a physical shield that protects the nucleus, disintegrates during prometaphase.
d. Metaphase: A phase of cell division known as "metaphase" (mitosis or meiosis). Individual chromosomes are typically dispersed throughout the cell nucleus. The chromosomes of the cell condense and move toward one another, aligning in the center of the dividing cell, and the nucleus of the cell disintegrates during metaphase.
e. Telophase: The fifth and final stage of mitosis, or the division of a parent cell's genetic material into two identical daughter cells, is known as telophase.
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Build-Measure-Learn feedback loops are used to test out parts of the business model.
What should be the next step after finding out something is not working?
O You don't have to do research to complete it
Pivot the idea and make changes to the lean canvas
O Potential funders do not care about details
There is not as much strategy involved
Answers
The process of developing empathy for your consumers, and monitoring their responses, hence option B is correct.
What is the business model?
Build-measure-learn (BML) is a method of producing a product, measuring consumer metrics, and learning from them to better respond to customers.
Pivot the idea and make changes wants and enhance the product for the eventual sustainability of the firm.
Therefore, learning what changes to make to enhance customer interactions is referred to as the build-measure-learn feedback loop, hence option B is correct.
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As a skeletal muscle continues to contract, the amount of ATP available is _____, leading to weakening contractions, a phenomenon called muscle fatigue.
Answers
As a skeletal muscle continues to contract, the amount of ATP available is reduced, leading to weakening contractions, a phenomenon called muscle fatigue.
Does excess ATP cause muscle fatigue?In contrast, as soon as the exercise intensity exceeds the ATP synthesis rates of oxidative phosphorylation requiring an increased reliance on anaerobic metabolism, force and power become impaired, fatigue develops, and failure to sustain the exercise occurs within seconds to minutes of the onset of contractile activity.There are two main causes of muscle fatigue: the limitations of a nerve's ability to generate a sustained signal (neural fatigue); and the reduced ability of the muscle fiber to contract (metabolic fatigue).
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A eukaryotic chromosome has _____ origin(s) of replication, and a bacterial chromosome has ______ origin(s) of replication.many, one
Answers
A eukaryotic chromosome has many origin(s) of replication, and a bacterial chromosome has one origin(s) of replication.many, one
Are there other sources of replication in eukaryotes?
Eukaryotic chromosomes frequently contain several sources of replication, unlike prokaryotes. Given the size of eukaryotic chromosomes, this is essential to timely completion of full replication. A replicon, or the section of DNA that is duplicated from a certain origin, is defined by each of these sources.
The place in DNA where replication first starts is known as the origin of replication. While linear eukaryotic DNA has several origins of replication, circular prokaryotic DNA only has one origin of replication. The origins of replication are places in DNA where replication always begins.
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The presence of calcium in the sarcoplasm is directly responsible for ____________________.
energizing the myosin heads
exposing the binding sites on actin
the movement of actin towards the M line
decreasing the length of the myosin myofilamentexposing the binding sites on actin
Answers
The presence of calcium in the sarcoplasm is immediately liable for exposing the binding websites on actin.
The calcium that enters the heart mobile thru the calcium ion channel activates the ryanodine receptor to release sufficient calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate heart muscle contraction. this is completed by using binding to some other shape, named troponin, in the coronary heart muscle cells.
Calcium is needed by proteins, troponin, and tropomyosin, that regulate muscle contraction by blockading the binding of myosin to filamentous actin. In a resting sarcomere, tropomyosin blocks the binding of myosin to actin.
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use the labels to correctly identify components involved in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential.
Answers
The elements involved in maintaining the permeability of the cell membrane include the K+ leak channel, Na+ leak channel, Na+-K+ pump, and ATP ADP-K+.
What does a human membrane do?
Body membranes are incredibly thin tissue sheets that line body cavities, cover organs inside of hollow organs, and cover the body's surface. The epithelium and connective tissue walls are the two basic types of bodily membranes. Mucous membranes, peritoneal glands, synovial glands, and meninges are subcategories.
What in biology is a membrane?
A bilayer of lipid molecules makes up the double sheet that makes up biological membranes. Generally speaking, this structure is known as the lipid bilayers. Membrane proteins and glucose are important components of biological membranes in addition to the different lipids that are found there.
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Where do I find spinal tracks going to the brain? (Posterior or Anterior)?
Answers
Answer:
Posterior
Explanation:
Posterior refers to the back or rear part of something, while anterior refers to the front part of something.
In the context of the human body, the posterior part is the back side of the body, while the anterior part is the front side of the body. For example, the back of the head is the posterior part of the head, while the front of the head is the anterior part of the head.
Similarly, in the context of the spinal cord, the posterior part is the back part of the cord, while the anterior part is the front part of the cord. The posterior part of the spinal cord contains the spinal tracks that carry sensory information from the body to the brain, while the anterior part of the spinal cord contains motor neurons that control the movement of muscles.
Overall, the terms posterior and anterior are used to describe the relative positions of different parts of the body, with posterior referring to the back part and anterior referring to the front part.
Spinal tracks that go to the brain are located in the posterior part of the spinal cord. The spinal cord is a long, narrow structure that extends from the base of the brain down to the lower back. It is made up of a bundle of nerve fibers that carry signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
The spinal tracks that go to the brain are located in the posterior part of the spinal cord, which is the back part of the cord. These tracks are used to carry sensory information from the body to the brain, as well as motor signals from the brain to the body. The spinal tracks in the posterior part of the spinal cord are organized into different levels, each of which carries signals to and from specific parts of the body.
In contrast, the anterior part of the spinal cord is located at the front of the cord and contains motor neurons that control the movement of muscles. The anterior part of the spinal cord is not directly involved in carrying sensory information to the brain.
Overall, the spinal tracks that go to the brain are located in the posterior part of the spinal cord, not the anterior part.
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Here, as per the given pH, the salmonella can grow normally while the other two species cannot grow, as they prefer to grow at the basic pH, but the 3.7 is too acidic for them, and that kills them (option a).
What is the importance of pH in organisms?
The organisms react differently at different pH, such as salmonella, which grows at an acidic pH and can adapt to the 3.7 pH and perform cellular activities, whereas those who cannot adapt will die.
Hence, here, as per the given pH, the salmonella can grow normally while the other two species cannot grow, as they prefer to grow at the basic pH, but the 3.7 is too acidic for them, and that kills them (option a).
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A mutation in GLUT4 changes the Kt value from 5mM (wild type) to 3mM (mutant). The velocity of glucose entry into a mutant cell would be higher than a cell expressing the wild type version of a blood glucose concentration of 5mM.
True
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It is true to say that a GLUT4 mutation reduces the Kt value from 5mM (wild type) to 3mM. (mutant). The rate of glucose entry into a mutant cell at a blood glucose concentration of 5 mM would be faster than into a cell expressing the wild type form.
A gene on chromosome 17 codes for GLUT 4, a protein that transports genetically encoded glucose and is found in adipocytes, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle. It has a 5 mm Km for glucose. The majority of GLUT 4 is stored in intracellular vesicles when there is not a sufficient stimulation.
We created transgenic mice that produce large quantities of the GLUT4/muscle-fat specific facilitative glucose transporter in a tissue-specific way to better understand the physiological function of this protein in controlling glucose homeostasis. Examining two different founder lines revealed that high-level GLUT4 protein expression markedly decreased fasting glucose levels in comparison to wild-type mice (around 130 mg/dl) by about 70 mg/dl.
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Correct Question:
A mutation in GLUT4 changes the Kt value from 5mM (wild type) to 3mM (mutant). The velocity of glucose entry into a mutant cell would be higher than a cell expressing the wild type version of a blood glucose concentration of 5mM. State True or False